
Few people associate novelizations with fine literature, and rightly so. For the most part, novelizations are a paycheck for struggling authors. The effort is usually phoned in, with the author doing little more than putting the screenplay in past tense and calling it a day. But in rare cases, an author will take things a step further. A prime example of this is Alan Dean Foster’s excellent novelization of John Carpenter’s debut film, Dark Star. In that case, Foster delved deep into the minds of the characters to present an intriguing psychological study of people in isolation. Another good example is Brad Carter’s fantastic work on the novelization of Cruel Jaws, from Encyclopocalypse Publications.
For the uninitiated, Cruel Jaws is a 1995 sharksploitation movie by Italian filmmaker Bruno Mattei, who brought us such gems as Night of the Zombies (1980) and Robowar (1988). Following on the heels of previous Jaws knock-offs like The Last Shark (1981) and Deep Blood (1989), Mattei serves up a collection of scenes harvested from multiple Jaws films, such as an exploding boat and the shark eating a pair of divers (Jaws 2), a red herring tiger shark (the original Jaws), and a couple making out in the water and getting interrupted by their friends (Jaws 3-D). It stars a cast of unknowns, including a Hulk Hogan lookalike, who sleepwalk through 96 minutes of thinly written and statically directed mush that’s a real slog to get through. Aside from stock footage, it lifts all its shark footage from either the Jaws films, The Last Shark, or Deep Blood. To call it bad is an insult to bad films. And yet, perhaps due to Mattei’s sheer audacity, it has become something of a curiosity and has therefore garnered a cult following.

The novelization first dropped in 2020 as part of an effort by Severin Films to capitalize on their library of catalog titles. In 2024, Severin partnered with Encyclopocalypse to release a new edition. For a property like this, the expectation would have been the standard fast and dirty novelization, a tie-in product whose sole purpose would have been to make some easy cash and boost awareness of an existing property. But Carter was evidently not content to leave it at that, and instead poured everything he had into making the novelization the most enjoyable experience he could offer his readers. Did he succeed? In a word, yes. In spades.
To say that Cruel Jaws the novelization is better than the movie would be a contender for understatement of the year. Carter breathes such energy and passion into every page, it’s impossible not to have a good time. The most amazing part is that he did so while hewing closely to the movie’s overall structure. All the story beats are there, as are all the film’s many characters, and even most of the lines of dialogue ripped straight from the Jaws franchise. And yet Carter goes beyond that, infusing everything with a depth and complexity that was lacking in the source material. That’s not to say this book is on par with Moby Dick. The point is that Carter took the existing framework of the movie, which could generously be described as sketchy, and added texture and nuance. He put meat on the bones. And then let a shark chew on it.
The most obvious area where Carter improved things was with the characters. In the film, they’re one-dimensional, lifeless, dull. Bad dialogue is delivered by worse actors. The characters are never properly introduced, so it’s difficult to keep track of who everybody is or how they’re connected to each other. It’s even harder to care. But Carter takes the time to develop each and every one, even the side characters. Billy Morrison, the Hooper stand-in, is trying to kick his cocaine habit. Vanessa is a sex addict. Dag is still haunted by the recent death of his wife. Francis is a functioning alcoholic. More than that, though, the characters evolve over the course of the story. They have arcs and through-lines, even if those through-lines aren’t necessarily what we want for them. And that’s how you create good drama. Since Carter almost slavishly follows the film’s narrative, one might have expected these things to feel forced and nonsensical, but every moment is perfectly organic. The end of every arc in a story should ideally feel at once surprising and inevitable. That Carter could come anywhere close to achieving that, given the material he was working with, borders on miraculous.

There are times, though, where Carter detours into original material, and it’s always for the better. A trio of mafiosos introduced late in the movie almost as an afterthought show up earlier in the book. That gives Carter time to develop them properly, along with their relationship to Sam Lewis, the primary antagonist and stand-in for Larry Vaughan. It’s pulled right from the pages of Peter Benchley’s original Jaws novel, with the tension between the gangsters and Lewis/Vaughan stemming from the shark’s impact on their bottom line. Yet Carter manages to make it feel fresh, with the threat seeming more immediate. In the movie, the thugs are unimpressive and bland, but Carter’s version feels like The Sopranos. When they finally meet the monster shark, the movie goes for cheap laughs, but Carter plays it straight, upping the horror, going just over-the-top enough to get a giggle, but without overplaying his hand.
Ronnie, Lewis’s son, gets a lot of attention in the book, graduating from nuisance to full-fledged villain. Carter introduces an element of incest, with Ronnie lusting after his sister, Gloria. It’s creepy and disturbing, and it pairs nicely with his bullying behavior. Aided by his groupies, Ronnie commits full-on assault, breaking and entering, and cruelty to animals. He’s a true sociopath, the sort who believes that because of his wealth and status, he can do anything he wants. His father, on the other hand, is far from the sleazy, money-hungry caricature of the film. He still prioritizes money and power, but he’s not as brazenly callous as his cinematic counterpart. The reader gets the sense of a man who has worked hard to get where he is and doesn’t want to jeopardize it. And when the shit hits the fan, it becomes clear just how tenuous it all is. Lewis is only one disaster away from losing everything. It’s possible to sympathize with and even respect him a bit while still disapproving of his actions.
Especially delightful is how Carter handles Dag Sorensen. The movie establishes his backstory with a throwaway line about an accident that cost him his wife and his will to live. But the line is delivered without feeling and is quickly forgotten. Carter makes us feel it, though, taking us back through Dag’s memories as he relives it, making us experience the horror and pain. There’s also a reference to his past as a whaler in the North Sea, but the movie doesn’t do anything with it. Carter delves into it, though, exploring Dag as a Swedish immigrant and a real badass. The film’s climax has a few shots of Dag firing a shotgun at the shark, but in the book, he goes toe-to-toe with it, firing exploding harpoons in a sequence that’s both tense and delightfully absurd, culminating in Dag leaping onto the shark Gregory Peck style and stabbing it with harpoons.
There are some fun character additions, too. A black deputy who went unnamed in the film gains the name Lamar, along with a backstory about transferring from out-of-state after angering his superior. He gets some great scenes, putting Ronnie in his place and squaring off with a racist gun salesman. There’s also a town nut character, Crazy Old Isaac, somewhat in the same vein as Crazy Ralph from the Friday the 13th films, along with his friend, an Indian guru named Vijay. And there’s Osiris, a small-time drug dealer who fakes a Jamaican accent to impress the locals.
One way in which the novel deviates wildly from the film is the addition of copious amounts of sex. At one point, I joked that if I hadn’t already seen the film, I would’ve thought the book was based on a porno. The added sleaze is not a bad thing, though, instead bringing some sorely needed entertainment value while also strengthening character motivations. Carter uses all the sex to explore themes of jealousy and betrayal, and it all ties together in the end.
And then there’s the shark. In the film, the shark is explicitly stated to be a tiger shark, but all of the shark footage, whether it’s stock footage or lifted from a previous film, clearly depicts a great white. Carter, however, actually describes a tiger shark, with a wedge-shaped head and stripes on its back. Late in the film, there’s a throwaway line about the shark being the product of a military genetic engineering experiment. Carter takes this and runs with it, elevating the shark from a clumsy Bruce clone to a true monstrosity, an almost megalodon-sized nightmare that’s part shark, part machine, and part god-knows-what. It bleeds gloppy blood that comes to life and attacks people. It eats everything in sight regardless of hunger, strategically attacking with military precision. It’s a ridiculous premise, but Carter sells it, and scenes that seemed silly in the movie actually become suspenseful and thrilling in the book. A writer friend of mine once gave me a great piece of advice: if you can’t hide it, plant a flag on it. Carter is clearly familiar with this. By having characters in the story actually observe how fantastical everything is, that gives him license to go with it and bring the reader along for the ride.

Cruel Jaws the novelization may not be the greatest novel ever written, but it’s a masterclass in re-writing. Anyone writing a novel or screenplay that’s been through multiple drafts and still isn’t working would do well to watch Cruel Jaws and then immediately read Brad Carter’s novelization. He takes a structure that was hodgepodge at best and fine-tunes it into something that flows perfectly. Awful dialogue is replaced with good dialogue. Even lines taken verbatim from the movie somehow work, either thanks to altered context or simply not being ruined by bad acting. Scenes that were rushed or awkward in the film are transformed into well-paced and effective storytelling. Unnecessary padding becomes essential character-building. In short, the gulf in quality between the film and the book is as vast as it is amazing. A movie like Cruel Jaws should never have become a novel this good, but it did. Now we have something that can stand alongside, if not Peter Benchley’s original Jaws novel, at least the sequel novelizations by Hank Searls. Carter’s version is good enough that it could even serve as a starting point for a new movie remake. That would be something worth seeing. But even if not, the book stands on its own. It’s a rompin’ good time.














